Understand how energy markets are designed.
The LEARN section is organised into seven permanent subject areas. Choose a topic from the navigation or below to open its dedicated knowledge page.
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Energy Markets
Wholesale electricity markets, forward, day-ahead, intraday, balancing, networks and congestion management.
Balancing Markets
Balancing capacity, balancing energy, reserves, activation, imbalance settlement and cross-border balancing.
Adequacy & Capacity Markets
Resource adequacy, capacity mechanisms, reliability options, strategic reserves and scarcity pricing.
Flexibility Markets
Local flexibility, demand response, storage, aggregation, congestion products and DSO–TSO coordination.
Networks
Connection regimes and queue reform, network charging, anticipatory investment, and the choice between building, pricing and procuring.
Guarantees of Origin
Issuance, transfer, cancellation, disclosure, residual mix, registries and cross-border GO markets.
Carbon Markets / EU ETS
EU ETS architecture, allowances, auctions, compliance, MSR, carbon-price formation and power-market interactions.